Pinamalayan | Agri-Profile Page 1

AGRI-PROFILE: PINAMALAYAN

Agriculture / Agricultural Profile / Pinamalayan

Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro

Pinamalayan is a first-class municipality located in the eastern part of the province of Oriental Mindoro, Mindoro Island. It is approximately 71 kilometers away from the provincial capital of Calapan City and 254 kilometers away from the national capital of Manila. Based on the certification by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), it has an estimated total land area of 28,226 hectares comprised by 37 barangays. These are further classified into eight urban barangays and 29 rural barangays. Furthermore, there are ten coastal barangays. Among all the barangays, Sabang has the largest land area at 8,799.20 hectares while Zone IV has the smallest land area at 10.65 hectares.

According to the PSA, Pinamalayan has a total population of 86,172 with a growth rate of 1.03 percent. Total number of households is at 19,276 based on the CBMS Survey (2014). It is the most populous municipality after Calapan City and Naujan. Out of the 37 barangays, Marfrancisco is the most populous followed by Papandayan which is expected to be the most populous barangay in the coming years. The level of urbanization increased in the last 25 years. In 2000, 2010, and 2015, the urbanization level of Pinamalayan was higher than the provincial level.

Farming

The existing land use shows that about 16,904.2 hectares or 60% of the municipal land is utilized for various crops and fruit-bearing trees (Map Q). The top agricultural crops in terms of area utilization and annual production are as follows: rice, banana, coconut, fruit trees, and vegetables.

Over the course of history, agriculture is an important economic activity in the municipality. Furthermore, its crops have a product market that reaches up to the neighboring provinces of Cavite, Batangas, Marinduque and Romblon, as well as the national capital of Manila. It also has a market in the Visayas, particularly in Iloilo. The main cash crop is rice, for it has the greatest annual production and largest generated income.

As summarized in the succeeding graphs, the general trend of area utilization (Figure EC-1), annual production (Figure EC-2), and annual generated values (Figure EC-3) have slightly increased in the years 2014 to 2015. However, all of the production volumes and generated revenues of major crops for the year 2016 have decreased drastically, compared to that of the 2014 and 2015 values.

Furthermore, it is notable that the data on bananas were both of zero yield (Figure EC-2) and revenue in 2016 (Figure EC-3). This trend has been attributed to the heavy damages brought upon by Typhoon Nona which struck Pinamalayan in the latter part of 2015. Hence, the decrease in overall agricultural productivity in the following year of 2016 was observed. For the complete set of data, refer to Appendices D, E, and F.

According to interviews, one of the crops that has potential to be developed is the abaca or Manila Hemp. This plant is mostly grown on the higher elevations of the municipality but the trend cannot be observed because of the lack of data for the years 2014 to 2015. In 2016, the area utilized for such crop was at 86 hectares, with a yield of 15 metric tons and more than one million pesos in revenues.

Looking into the historical data for both agricultural land utilization and volume of production, an inverted relationship was observed between 2014 and 2015. While the total land utilization increased by 0.01 percent, production decreased by 7.42 percent (Table EC-1). Between 2015 to 2016, however, the decrease in agricultural areas and production became even more evident for there was a 7.79 percent decrease in area utilization and 35.66 percent decrease in production (Table EC-2). The results for each major crop is also shown in the said tables.

Table EC-1. Comparative Agricultural Crop Areas and Production, Year 2014 to 2015 Major Crops Area (hectares) Volume of Production

Major Crops	Area (hectares)			Volume of Production (MT)
Major Crops	2014	2015	% Increase/ Decrease	2014	2015	% Increase/ Decrease
Rice	7,883.50	7,946.00	↑0.79%	38,615.98	38,876.78	↑0.68%
Banana	2,346.51	2,325.64	↓0.04%	16,442.79	12,064.04	↓26.63%
Fruit Trees	643.26	581.32	↓9.63%	2,658.81	2,977.47	↑11.99%
Vegetables	121.07	143.07	↑18.18%	1,758.17	1,146.42	↓34.79%
Coconut	955.85	955.85	0.00%	1,182.71	1,182.71	0.00%
TOTAL	11,950.18	11,951.88	↑0.01%	59,475.75	55,064.71	↓7.42%

Source: Municipal Agriculture Office of Pinamalayan (2017), Philippine Coconut Authority (2017)

Table EC-2. Comparative Agricultural Areas and Production, Year 2015 to 2016

Major Crops	Area (hectares)			Volume of Production (MT)
Major Crops	2014	2016	% Increase/ Decrease	2014	2016	% Increase/ Decrease
Rice	7,946.00	7,494.82	↓5.68%	38,876.78	34,771.29	↓10.56%
Banana	2,325.64	2,186.04	↓6.00%	12,064.04	0.00	↓100%
Fruit Trees	581.32	474.96	↓18.30%	2,977.00	13.89	↓99.53%
Vegetables	143.07	120.36	↓15.87%	1,146.42	493.60	↓56.94%
Coconut	955.85	744.66	↓22.09%	1,182.71	911.20	↓22.96%
TOTAL	11,951.88	11,020.84	↓7.79%	55,064.71	36,189.98	↓34.28%

Source: Municipal Agriculture Office (2017), Philippine Coconut Authority (2017)

In 2014 and 2015, the greatest productivity per area were that of vegetables at 14.52 and 8.01 metric tons per hectare, respectively. While in 2016, rice had the most yield per area at 4.64 metric tons per hectare (Table EC-3).

But as displayed by Figure EC-4, the yield of coconuts and rice for the past three years has almost remained constant, while the yield for bananas, fruit trees, and vegetables have sharply decreased. All of these values, however, are showing declining productivity.

Table EC-2. Comparative Agricultural Areas and Production, Year 2015 to 2016

Major Crops	2014	2015	2016
Rice	4.90	4.89	4.64
Banana	7.07	5.19	0.00
Fruit Trees	4.13	5.12	0.03
Vegetables	14.52	8.01	4.10
Coconut	1.24	1.24	1.22
Abaca			0.12

Source: Municipal Agriculture Office (2017)

Increasing the land utilized for agriculture alone may not be a good strategy to increase overall agricultural production. Since typhoon occurrence is a major factor that can influence the level of production, it might be better to consider shifting cropping patterns combined with expanding land area for agricultural utilization. Since climate change is also expected to bring more hostile conditions for farming, sustainable production practices should also be supported, studied, and promoted. Availability of post-harvest facilities is of course given.

As of the 2014 CBMS, 20 percent of households are engaged in agriculture. Barangay Sabang has the largest percent share of households at 78 percent while the least percent share of households comes from barangays Wawa and Zone II, with both at one percent. Other pertinent data per barangay are presented by Table EC-4.

Barangay	Number of Households	Households Engaged in Agriculture
Barangay	Number of Households	Number	Percent Share (%)
Anoling	444	108	24%
Bacungan	340	41	12%
Bangbang	235	86	37%
Banilad	457	153	33%
Buli	331	109	33%
Cacawan	1016	110	11%
Calingag	456	151	33%
Del Razon	375	52	14%
Guinhawa	500	117	23%
Inclanay	344	61	18%
Lumambayan	658	32	5%
Malaya	167	71	43%
Maliangcog	339	125	37%
Maningcol	418	95	23%
Marayos	398	177	44%
Marfrancisco	1,359	73	5%
Nabuslot	604	124	21%
Pagalagala	307	76	25%
Palayan	421	82	19%
Pambisan Malaki	413	123	30%
Pambisan Munti	254	98	39%
Panggulayan	586	126	22%
Papandayan	1,338	93	7%
Pili	800	203	25%
Quinabigan	502	58	12%
Ranzo	225	79	35%
Rosario	353	42	12%
Sabang	686	532	78%
Sta. Isabel	570	246	43%
Sta. Maria	321	90	28%
Sta. Rita	674	118	18%
Sto. Niño	274	39	14%
Wawa	1123	10	1%
Zone I	680	15	2%
Zone II	625	8	1%
Zone III	475	28	6%
Zone IV	208	45	22%
TOTAL	19,276	3,796	20%

Source: CBMS Survey (2014)

Table EC-5 shows a summary of the water irrigation system present in the municipality. The NIA-Pula-Bansud River Irrigation System (RIS) has been operating since 1960. Since then, several rehabilitation works were taken through the Irrigation Operation Support Project (IOSP). It diverts the water through a run-off type river dam located across the Pula River in barangay Inclanay. The system currently serves 18 barangays in Pinamalayan, two in Socorro, and another two in Pola. It is also reported that the existing irrigation facilities inadequately supplies water in some areas, resulting to adverse effects in production. Thus, it is recommended that canals should be rehabilitated, as well as to concretize existing farm ditch canals. See Appendix G for the irrigation map from NIA.

Table EC-5. Water Irrigation System

Irrigation System	Date Constructed	Type of Ownership	Type of Type of Irrigation	Type of Capacity of Irrigation System (m3/day)	Type of Location (Barangay)
Pula RIS	December 15, 1960	Public	Diversion Dam and Checkgate	324,000	Inclanay

According to GIS estimations, there is 948.60 hectares of mixed agricultural areas with irrigation canals (Maps R). This was done by overlaying the existing mixed agricultural areas against the irrigation system, with 50 meters buffer area on each side of the canals. This means that these lands can be further developed into rice production areas. The summary of areas per barangay is shown by Table EC-6. The largest area coverage is at barangay Pambisan Malaki with 157.83 hectares while the smallest area coverage is at barangay Zone I with 0.29 hectares.

Table EC-6. Mixed Agricultural Areas with Irrigation, Year 2017

Barangay	Mixed agricultural areas with irrigation (ha)
Anoling	53.95
Bacungan	85.59
Bangbang	57.43
Buli	1.11
Cacawan	12.41
Calingag	53.02
Inclanay	29.51
Maningcol	33.00
Marfrancisco	20.76
Nabuslot	85.14
Pagalagala	60.83
Palayan	28.66
Pambisan Malaki	157.83
Panggulayan	49.49
Papandayan	74.83
Rosario	6.82
Sta. Maria	64.06
Sta. Rita	30.24
Sto. Nino	43.63
Zone I	0.29
TOTAL	948.60